The Implementation of the Principle of Non-Refoulement in Refugee Protection Under International Law
Keywords:
Hukum internasional pengungsi, Implementasi non-refoulement, Perlindungan pengungsi internasional, Prinsip non-refoulementAbstract
Prinsip non-refoulement merupakan norma fundamental dalam hukum pengungsi internasional yang melarang pemulangan paksa individu ke negara di mana mereka menghadapi ancaman penganiayaan. Meskipun telah diakui dalam berbagai instrumen hukum internasional, implementasinya masih menghadapi tantangan di tingkat nasional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implementasi prinsip non-refoulement dalam perlindungan pengungsi berdasarkan hukum internasional. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual melalui analisis terhadap konvensi internasional, doktrin, serta praktik negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun prinsip non-refoulement telah menjadi jus cogens secara de facto dalam praktik internasional, penerapannya masih inkonsisten akibat pertimbangan keamanan nasional, kebijakan imigrasi, dan keterbatasan mekanisme pengawasan internasional. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa diperlukan penguatan mekanisme implementasi dan harmonisasi hukum nasional dengan standar internasional untuk menjamin perlindungan pengungsi secara efektif. Selain itu, diperlukan peran aktif lembaga internasional dalam memantau kepatuhan negara terhadap prinsip tersebut guna meningkatkan efektivitas perlindungan pengungsi global berkelanjutan
References
Ali, O., Dervic, E., Prieto-Viertel, G., Källner, C., Stütz, R., Vismara, A., & Prieto-Curiel, R. (2025). Refugees’ path to legal stability is long and systematically unequal.
Allain, J. (2022). Contemporary relevance of the jus cogens status of non-refoulement in international law.
Barale, C. (2023). Empowering refugee claimants and their lawyers: Using machine learning to examine refugee law decision-making.
Béres, N. (2024). The anatomy of non-refoulement: A centrepiece of international refugee law and human rights law. Central European Journal of Comparative Law.
Bhuta, N. (2023). Automated refugee case analysis: An NLP pipeline for supporting legal practitioners.
Chetail, V. (2022). International migration law and refugee protection in contemporary legal systems.
Chetail, V. (2024). Human rights and refugee law: Evolving interpretations of protection obligations.
Do Valle, M. F. V. (2024). Fleeing deprivation: Deducing non-refoulement obligations from economic, social and cultural rights.
Gulati, J. (2023). The othering of refugees and the erosion of non-refoulement norms.
Heriyanto, D. S. N., Sefriani, & Fezer, T. (2023). The non-refoulement principle as customary international law in Indonesia.
International Journal of Refugee Law Editorial Board. (2024). Advances in refugee protection and non-refoulement doctrine.
Keller, A. (2022). Refugee protection under pressure: State sovereignty and international obligations.
Koivu, S. (2023). Migration governance and legal fragmentation in refugee protection systems.
Lindsey, M. (2022). Asylum law and the limits of non-refoulement enforcement.
Mavi, J., Găitan, D. T., & Coronado, S. (2025). From rogue to safe AI: Compliance with international humanitarian law principles.
Marzuki, P. M. (2023). Normative approaches in international refugee law research methodology.
McAdam, J. (2023). Climate displacement and the expansion of non-refoulement obligations.
Nurhidayah, A. (2024). Legal challenges in implementing refugee protection in Southeast Asia.
OHCHR. (2023). Human rights mechanisms and protection against refoulement.
Rodenhäuser, T. (2024). Pushed to breaking point? Disguised refoulement under international law. International Journal of Refugee Law.
Santos, R. (2023). State responsibility in refugee protection and non-refoulement compliance.
Setiawan, D. (2023). Refugee law development and customary international obligations.
Smith, L. (2022). Border control policies and human rights implications in asylum systems.
Soekanto, S. (2022). Legal research methodology in normative international law studies.
UN Human Rights Committee. (2024). General comments on non-refoulement obligations.
Valle, M. (2022). Socio-economic rights and the expansion of refugee protection norms.
Vallandro, M. F. (2024). Economic and social rights-based non-refoulement obligations.
Wahyudi. (2025). Implementation of non-refoulement principle in Indonesia’s refugee policy.
Williams, G. (2023). International refugee law and state compliance mechanisms
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Octavianus, Setiawan (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
