The Influence of Village Head Leadership on Community Social Development: A Comparative Study between Independent Villages and Underdeveloped Villages

Abstract

Domestic wastewater is a significant source of environmental pollution in densely populated urban areas, where limited space and infrastructure challenges hinder conventional treatment methods. Innovative and sustainable alternatives are needed to address water quality and public health concerns. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of biofiltration technology as an environmentally friendly approach for treating domestic wastewater in high-density residential settings. A pilot-scale biofiltration system was constructed using layers of gravel, sand, activated carbon, and selected plant species. The system was installed in a densely populated neighborhood and monitored over a 12-week period. Water samples were analyzed for key parameters including BOD, COD, TSS, and pH before and after treatment. The biofiltration system demonstrated a significant reduction in pollutant levels, with average BOD and COD removal efficiencies of 78% and 72%, respectively. TSS levels decreased by 85%, and pH values stabilized within acceptable environmental standards. Biofiltration technology offers a cost-effective, space-efficient, and eco-friendly solution for domestic wastewater treatment in urban high-density areas. Its adaptability and low maintenance requirements make it a promising approach for sustainable community-scale water management.