The Influence of Village Head Leadership on Community Social Development: A Comparative Study between Independent Villages and Underdeveloped Villages

Abstract

Leadership at the village level plays a vital role in determining the direction and success of community social development, particularly in the context of Indonesia’s rural transformation agenda. The leadership style and capacity of a village head can significantly affect how development programs are planned, implemented, and sustained. This study aims to analyze and compare the influence of village head leadership on community social development between independent villages and underdeveloped villages. The research employs a qualitative comparative case study approach, using data collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis from selected villages representing both categories. Data were analyzed thematically to identify leadership patterns and their correlation with development outcomes. Findings show that independent villages tend to have more visionary, participatory, and accountable leadership, leading to higher community involvement and better development outcomes. In contrast, underdeveloped villages often experience top-down leadership with limited community engagement, hindering social progress. The study concludes that effective, inclusive, and responsive leadership by village heads is a key driver of successful social development, and leadership capacity building should be prioritized in national rural development strategies.