Phenomenological Study of Student Experiences in Online Learning During the Pandemic
Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic, Online Learning, Phenomenology, Student ExperiencesAbstract
This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of students engaging in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. As educational institutions worldwide rapidly transitioned to remote instruction, students faced unprecedented challenges and opportunities in adapting to virtual environments. Through in-depth interviews with a diverse group of undergraduate and graduate students, this research uncovers the multifaceted nature of their online learning experiences. Key themes include technological barriers, shifts in motivation, changes in social interaction, and the impact on academic performance and mental well-being. Participants reported both positive aspects, such as increased flexibility and self-paced learning, and negative consequences, including feelings of isolation, digital fatigue, and difficulties in maintaining focus. The study also highlights students' strategies for overcoming obstacles, emphasizing resilience and adaptability. Findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how the pandemic reshaped students’ educational journeys and provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers to enhance the effectiveness of online learning modalities. This research underscores the importance of fostering supportive virtual learning communities and designing accessible, engaging online curricula to better meet students' needs in current and future educational landscapes
References
Bailenson, J. N. (2021). Nonverbal overload: A theoretical argument for the causes of Zoom fatigue. Technology, Mind, and Behavior, 2(1).
Bao, W. (2020). COVID-19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(2),
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934.
Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. Valle & M. King (Eds.), Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology (pp. 48-71). Oxford University Press.
Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5–22.
Ellis, R. A., Ginns, P., & Piggott, L. (2009). Students' experiences of e-learning in higher education: The ecology of motivation. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 25(2), 268-287.
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2010). The first decade of the community of inquiry framework: A retrospective. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(1-2), 5-9.
Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2008). Blended learning in higher education: Framework, principles, and guidelines. Jossey-Bass.
Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288.
Jena, P. K. (2020). Online learning during lockdown period for COVID-19 in India. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 191-196.
Knowles, M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers. Association Press.
Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(6), 421.
Li, C., & Lalani, F. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education forever. This is how. World Economic Forum.
Liu, S., & Wang, W. (2020). A study on the psychological state of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic. Medical Science Monitor, 26, e923680.
Manca, S., & Ranieri, M. (2016). Facebook and the others. Potentials and obstacles of Social Media for teaching in higher education. Computers & Education, 95, 216-230.
Martin, F., & Bolliger, D. U. (2018). Engagement matters: Student perceptions on the importance of engagement strategies in the online learning environment. Online Learning, 22(1), 205-222.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Neuwirth, L. S., Chambers, T., & Kramer, A. (2020). Children and COVID-19: State-level data report. American Academy of Pediatrics.
Noddings, N. (2013). Caring: A relational approach to ethics and moral education (2nd ed.). University of California Press.
Orhan, F., & Beyhan, Ö. (2021). A qualitative study on student perceptions of online learning during COVID-19 pandemic. Education and Information Technologies, 26, 7537–7554. Palos-Sanchez, P., Saura, J. R., & Debasa, F. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on university students: An analysis of their emotional and academic adaptation. Sustainability, 12(18), 7762.
Park, J. H., & Lim, C. (2020). Challenges and opportunities of online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of university students in South Korea. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 1, 100018.
Rapanta, C., Botturi, L., Goodyear, P., Guardia, L., & Koole, M. (2020). Online university teaching during and after the COVID-19 crisis: Refocusing teacher presence and learning activity. Postdigital Science and Education, 2(3), 923-945.
Saldaña, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Stallman, H. M. (2010). Psychological distress in university students: A comparison with general population data. Australian Psychologist, 45(4), 249-257.
Tarafdar, M., Pullins, E. B., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2015). Technostress: Negative effect on performance and possible mitigations. Information Systems Journal, 25(5), 103-132.
Trust, T., & Whalen, J. (2020). Should teachers be trained in emergency remote teaching? Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 28(2), 189-199.
UNESCO. (2020). Education: From disruption to recovery. UNESCO.
Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2019). The first-level digital divide shifts from inequalities in physical access to inequalities in material access. New Media & Society, 21(2), 354-375.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729.
Wong, K., & Chong, J. (2021). Student perceptions of remote learning during COVID-19 pandemic in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 1-19.
Zhu, X., & Liu, J. (2020). Education in and after COVID-19: Immediate responses and long-term visions. Postdigital Science and Education, 2(3), 695–699.
Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(2), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Dewi Oktaviani, Aini Wulandari, Putri Utami (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.



